Angleščina, 9. r./2. sk. (Črešnar)

NASVET: ker so spletnice še precej nestabilne, ko ti enkrat uspe priti na to stran JE NE ZAPIRAJ! Vse povezave se avtomatsko odpirajo v novem oknu.

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Okay, at this point, if I say “modal verbs”, you’re probably going

And I promise, this is the last of it. Well, the last of the explanations.

So far, we've talked about modals for RULES, so PERMISSION and OBLIGATION (MAY I borrow your pencil?/Children under 12 years old MUST use a special chair in cars.) and for GIVING ADVICE, one way or another (You SHOULD/SHOULDN'T DO this and that).

Just a quick job from last time - I didn't want to give you too much at once.

JOB #1: Add examples for (NOT) BE ALLOWED TO where you have examples for MAY and CAN.

"(NOT) BE ALLOWED TO" is just a phrase, it is NOT - I repeat, NOT - a "modal verb". But it does the same thing: tell whether something is okay to do or not.

I'm NOT ALLOWED TO use my phone after 10 PM. (= I CAN'T use my phone after 10 PM.)
ARE YOU ALLOWED TO play games for more than two hours? (= CAN you play games for more than two hours?)

Okay, with that out of the way: Today, we are going to have a look at one last way we use modals: POSSIBILITY and CERTAINTY.

Your book doesn't mention this part, but since we're learning about modals anyway, we might as well deal with this, too.

JOB #2: Read the explanation below.

The idea is simple. You take a simple sentence like:

HE IS A DOCTOR.
IT WORKS.

This sentence is true. You're 100% sure of it. That's why you use the Present Simple. But what if you're guessing? What if you're assuming (predvidevati)? What if you're ABSOLUTELY SURE that person is a doctor/that thing is working, but you still don't want people to say "I told you so" when you're wrong? Enter modal verbs.

We can use almost ANY modal verb to express these ideas. It depends on how sure we are or how unsure we are. Check out the diagram below.




Rather than give you some long and insane explanation, here are some examples in context.

Nice car. - Yeah. He MUST have a lot of money. He MUST be a doctor or a manager or something. (I am guessing but I'm sure that is the reason.)
Mom, where's Dad? - The car broke down. He WILL be in the garage. (this is NOT future. Your Dad is already in the garage. Your mom is saying "I'm pretty sure he is in the garage").

Now then: WILL, WOULD, OUGHT TO, SHOULD and COULD can be used in the same example, but the only difference is HOW SURE you are.

Let's buy the tickets now, they will be cheaper. - That WILL work. I'm 100% sure.
Let's buy the tickets now, they will be cheaper. - That WOULD work. I think it's a good idea, I'm just a little bit skeptical.
Let's buy the tickets now, they will be cheaper. - That OUGHT TO/SHOULD work. If everything goes well, it will work. But I believe there is a chance something will go wrong.
Let's buy the tickets now, they will be cheaper. - That COULD/CAN work. Let's try and see.
Let's buy the tickets now, they will be cheaper. - That MAY/MIGHT work. I'm not sure.

If you use NOT with any of these, of course, it means the opposite for SOME modal verbs - that you think it's impossible or there is LITTLE possibillity.

That WON'T/WOULDN'T/CAN'T/COULDN'T work (0% chance)
That SHOULDN'T work (If it works, I will be very surprised)
That MAY NOT/MIGHT NOT work (I think there are better ideas.)

This stuff is HARD, and a lot of them mean more or less the same thing. The only way to learn this is over TIME and READING as much as you can in English.

That said, here's your first ASSIGNMENT TO TURN IN (=ZA ODDATI).

JOB #3: Here are some sentences. Re-write them so they are shorter - use modal verbs.

You MUST send your sentences to my e-mail at jcresnar@gmail.com by Friday, 20th March, 4PM (16:00). You MUST write March 19th, JOB 3 in the "Zadeva", the Subject.

EXAMPLE: I don't believe he will tell anyone.  -> He WON'T tell anyone.

There is no chance that my brother is asleep.
I am sure that your Dad is an engineer.
If he didn't forget, he has the shopping list.
Let's try to ask the teacher. Who knows.
I think there is a small chance that Jerry is at home.

We're almost done.

One last job for you.

JOB #4: Open your workbook. There are a LOT of exercises for modal verbs from pages 137 to 142. There are 17 exercises.

There is only one exercise you MUST do - that's exercise 18 on page 142. You must choose 6 more and solve them. You COULD write to me and tell me which ones you solved.

There are other bits and bobs regarding modal verbs too. It's a very big topic. But that's it for now.

EXTRA WORK: You CAN write down one example of your own for each learning goal on page 168 in your book.

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This is our last lesson for this week. Every week, I will be adding some extra stuff for you to listen to, watch, read and so on.
THIS IS NOT EXTRA WORK. These are just things I enjoy and I want to share with you awesome people.

This week, I have a song for you. It is from one of my favorite music albums of all time. It's called "The Dark Side of the Moon", by Pink Floyd. The song is called Time.

I won't tell you what the song is about. Just listen to it, you might like it, you might not. If you want, you can tell me what you thought of the song in your e-mail.